Your home’s brick exterior can lose its charm over time. Dirt, weathering, and age wear down what was once a beautiful facade.
Maybe your brickwork looks a bit dull and stained, or you just want a fresh new look. The right cleaning and painting techniques can transform your property’s appearance while adding some protection from the elements.
Proper surface preparation, quality materials, and the right application methods make all the difference when refreshing brick exteriors. Homeowners often make costly mistakes by rushing the prep stage or picking paints that don’t let the brick breathe.
Understanding your brick’s specific needs and following proven techniques helps you avoid common pitfalls. This guide covers deep cleaning methods, choosing the right masonry paints, and everything else you need to give your brick exterior a proper facelift.
Key Takeaways
- Thorough cleaning and proper surface preparation come first before applying paint or sealant
- Use 100% acrylic masonry paints made for breathable surfaces to prevent damage and ensure durability
- Regular maintenance, like annual cleaning and quick touch-ups, will help your painted brick exterior last
Understanding Your Brick Exterior
Different types of brickwork need different care. Spotting problems like efflorescence early helps you pick the right cleaning and painting methods.
Regular maintenance keeps your brick exterior looking sharp and prevents costly damage.
Types of Exterior Brickwork
Clay bricks are the most common in British homes. They come in a bunch of colours and textures, and they’re fired at high temperatures, which makes them tough and weather-resistant.
Concrete bricks are made from cement and aggregates. They’re usually more uniform in appearance than clay bricks and tend to be more porous, so they soak up water more easily.
Engineering bricks are super dense and strong. They resist water better than other types and often show up in foundations or spots exposed to harsh weather.
Reclaimed bricks add loads of character but can have existing wear. They need gentler cleaning. Always check for loose mortar or damaged spots before starting.
The age and type of your brickwork affect which cleaning products and painting techniques will actually work. Newer bricks might need a different approach than ones from the Victorian era.
Common Issues Affecting Bricks
Efflorescence shows up as white, chalky deposits on the surface. Water moves through the brick, bringing salts up to the top. It’s more common on new brickwork but can show up on older walls too.
Mortar deterioration leaves gaps between bricks. Weather and age make pointing crumble or crack, letting water sneak behind the brickwork.
Staining comes from pollution, algae, or rust streaks. Green stains usually mean algae is growing in damp spots. Black stains often come from exhaust or pollution.
Spalling happens when brick faces crack or flake off. Freeze-thaw cycles cause this—water sneaks into cracks, freezes, and then breaks the brick surface.
The Importance of Regular Maintenance
Annual inspections help you spot problems early. After winter, check for loose mortar, cracks, or staining. Look for blocked drainage that could cause water damage.
Prompt repairs stop small issues from turning into big headaches. Replace damaged pointing before water gets behind the brickwork. Clean stains quickly before they set in.
Regular cleaning keeps your brick’s appearance and health in check. Get rid of algae and dirt that trap moisture. This extends the life of both bricks and mortar.
Proper drainage around your house protects brick exteriors. Keep gutters clear and make sure water flows away from the walls. Poor drainage causes most brick-related problems over time.
Preparing Brickwork for Cleaning and Painting
Good prep makes sure your brick exterior gets a thorough clean and a paint job that lasts. Check for structural issues, figure out what kinds of stains you’re dealing with, and gather the right tools before you start.
Inspection for Damage and Repairs
Look over your brick exterior from top to bottom. Spot any cracked or loose mortar joints that need repair before cleaning.
Check each brick for chips, cracks, or missing pieces. Water can sneak in through these gaps and cause bigger problems later.
Pay attention to areas around windows, doors, and corners. These spots take more weather and stress.
Common issues to look for:
- Crumbling mortar joints
- Loose or damaged bricks
- Gaps around window frames
- Cracks in the wall
Remove damaged bricks using a chisel and hammer. Take your time and go carefully.
Fill mortar joints with fresh mix, matching the colour and texture as closely as you can.
Let repairs dry for at least 48 hours before cleaning or painting.
Assessing Stains and Efflorescence
Different stains need different cleaning methods. Watch for white, chalky efflorescence—salts brought to the surface by water.
Efflorescence looks like white streaks or patches on the wall. Water carries salts through the brick and they dry on the surface.
Types of stains you might see:
- White salt deposits (efflorescence)
- Green or black algae
- Rust stains from metal fixtures
- Paint or graffiti
- General dirt and grime
Take photos before you start. It helps you track what works on different stains.
Test cleaning products on a small, hidden spot first. Some cleaners can damage certain bricks or mortar.
Mark problem areas that might need special treatment.
Essential Tools and Safety Precautions
Gather your tools and safety gear before you begin. Being prepared saves time and keeps you safe.
Safety gear:
- Safety goggles for your eyes
- Rubber gloves for chemicals
- Non-slip shoes
- Dust mask for dry brushing
Cleaning tools:
- Stiff-bristled brush
- Wire brush for tough spots
- Plastic sheeting for plants and windows
- Garden hose or pressure washer
- Buckets for mixing
Cover nearby plants, windows, and metal with plastic sheeting. Some cleaning products can damage these.
Check the weather forecast. You’ll need at least two dry days.
Set up your work area with good lighting and water access. Keep tools close so you’re not climbing up and down ladders all day.
Professional Brick Cleaning Methods
Professional brick cleaning uses specialised techniques to remove dirt, stains, and biological growth without damaging your brick exterior. Chemical solutions and manual methods work together to tackle different types of grime.
Manual and Chemical Cleaning Techniques
Manual cleaning is the foundation of professional brick restoration. Contractors use wire brushes and soft-bristled tools to gently scrub away surface dirt.
Chemical solutions go deeper when used right. Muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid) removes tough stains, but pros keep it at just 10% of the mix to avoid damage.
COSHH-trained professionals wear protective gear and measure solutions carefully. Safety is a big deal when working with these chemicals.
Common chemical cleaning methods:
- Diluted acid solutions for stubborn stains
- Alkaline cleaners for general dirt
- Specialised cleaners for specific stains
High-pressure water blasting isn’t a good idea for brickwork. It can damage bricks and mortar, leading to expensive repairs.
The cleaning process targets efflorescence—those white, chalky deposits. Proper chemical treatment removes these minerals and helps stop them from coming back.
Removing Moss, Algae and Organic Stains
Biological growth needs targeted treatment. Moss and algae love damp conditions and can leave permanent stains if ignored.
Professional cleaners start by checking how deep the growth goes. Sometimes it’s just on the surface, but other times it gets into the brick pores.
Treatment for organic stains:
- Biocide to kill living stuff
- Gentle scraping for moss
- Fungicidal treatments for stubborn algae
First, they kill the organisms with biocide. This keeps spores from spreading and cuts down on regrowth.
Manual removal comes next. Pros use plastic scrapers and soft brushes to avoid scratching the brick.
Rinsing at the end gets rid of chemicals and debris. Good drainage helps prevent future moss and algae by keeping the area drier.
Selecting the Right Paints and Sealants for Brick Exteriors
Choosing the right materials for your brick and your local weather is key. Paint types offer different protection and adhesion, and the right primers and sealants help your work last.
Choosing Between Brick Paint and Masonry Paint
Brick paint and masonry paint aren’t the same. Regular brick paint works for decorative changes, but it might not last through tough weather.
Masonry paint gives better protection for exteriors. It’s got additives to resist moisture and UV, and it bonds well to porous brick.
Key differences:
- Thickness: Masonry paint goes on thicker, filling small gaps
- Breathability: Lets moisture escape but blocks water coming in
- Durability: Lasts 5-10 years, while regular paint might only last 2-4
Acrylic latex paints are flexible and handle temperature changes without cracking. Always pick paints marked for masonry.
Elastomeric coatings are great for extreme weather. They’re thicker, bridge small cracks, and keep water out. They cost more but last longer.
The Role of Primers in Painting
Primers make or break a brick painting job. If you skip them, paint might peel within months.
Masonry primers soak into the brick and seal it, but still let the wall breathe. That keeps paint from soaking in unevenly.
Pick primers based on your needs:
- Alkali-resistant for new brick
- Stain-blocking for old paint
- High-build for rough or damaged brick
Apply primer when it’s dry and between 10-25°C. Most need 24 hours to cure.
Skip primer only if your paint says it’s self-priming. Even then, you might need two coats.
Applying Brick Sealants for Added Protection
Brick sealants add an invisible barrier against water. They don’t just coat the surface—they soak in.
Siloxane sealants offer top-notch protection. They repel water but let brick breathe, which helps prevent freeze-thaw damage.
Apply sealant before painting for the best results. Clean and dry the brick completely first. Use a low-pressure sprayer for even coverage.
Sealant perks:
- Cuts water absorption by up to 95%
- Protects against salt damage
- Helps prevent efflorescence
Reapply every 3-5 years, or check the instructions—some last longer. Test by sprinkling water on the wall; it should bead up, not soak in.
Step-by-Step Guide to Painting Exterior Brick
Painting brick takes good prep and the right materials. You’ll need to clean thoroughly, use specialised masonry paint, and give everything enough time to cure.
Surface Preparation and Cleaning
Clean brick well before painting. Use a pressure washer to get rid of dirt, mould, and debris.
Focus on mortar joints and crevices where grime hides. Let the brick dry for at least 48 hours after washing.
Prep steps:
- Sand rough spots with a wire brush
- Fill big cracks with exterior filler
- Remove peeling paint or loose mortar
- Cover plants and walkways with sheeting
Tape off windows, doors, and trim. If rain’s in the forecast, wait it out.
Prime all surfaces with a masonry primer. This helps the topcoat stick and creates a waterproof barrier on the porous brick.
Proper Paint Application Techniques
Use high-quality masonry paint made for exterior brick. These paints hold up against weather and let the brick breathe.
Apply paint using a mix of methods for the best finish.
| Method | Best For | Coverage |
|---|---|---|
| Roller | Large flat areas | Even, quick application |
| Brush | Detail work, mortar joints | Precise control |
| Sprayer | Extensive surfaces | Fastest coverage |
Start painting at the top and work your way down. Stick to thin, even coats—don’t try to cover everything in one go.
Work paint into mortar joints with a brush for solid coverage. Usually, one coat does the job if you’ve primed the brick well.
Finishing Touches and Curing
Pull off painter’s tape while the paint’s still a bit wet. That way, you’ll get sharper lines around trim and windows.
Take a close look for missed spots or thin patches. Touch up any problem areas with a small brush and blend them in as best you can.
Curing requirements:
- Wait 24 hours before light rain hits
- Avoid heavy moisture for 72 hours
- Full cure takes 7–14 days, depending on weather
Check around windows and doors for gaps that could let water sneak in. Seal them up with exterior caulk to keep things dry.
Long-Term Care and Maintenance of Treated Brickwork
Keep painted or sealed brick looking good with regular, gentle cleaning. Stay on top of paint deterioration and moisture management.
Cleaning Painted and Sealed Brick
Wash painted brick every 6–12 months using mild detergent and water. Skip the pressure washer—it can strip the paint.
Use a soft-bristled brush for tough dirt or stains. Work in small sections, top to bottom.
For sealed brick, you can use a bit more pressure but still avoid blasting it. Always test cleaners on a hidden spot first.
Safe cleaning solutions:
- Warm soapy water (washing-up liquid works)
- White vinegar diluted (1:10 with water)
- Specialist masonry cleaners for painted surfaces
Scrub off algae and moss right away—they trap moisture. If they keep coming back, try a fungicidal wash.
Don’t use acidic cleaners on painted brick. They’ll wreck the paint and may damage the brick underneath.
Touch-Ups and Dealing with Fading or Peeling
Check painted brick once a year for peeling, fading, or cracks. Fix issues quickly to stop water from getting in.
Common problems:
- Peeling or flaking paint
- Colour fading
- Hairline cracks
- Bubbling from moisture
Scrape off loose paint before priming and topcoating again. Clean up the area well before you start.
If brick sealant stops repelling water, it’s probably time to reapply. Most last 5–10 years, depending on the type.
Fade-resistant paints last longer but still need a refresh now and then. Keep extra paint for touch-ups—matching old colours is tricky.
Managing Vegetation and Preventing Moisture
Keep ivy and climbing plants off treated brick. Their roots can mess up mortar and trap dampness.
Maintain gutters and downpipes so water doesn’t overflow onto brick walls. Make sure drainage points water away from the house.
Moisture prevention checklist:
- Clear blocked drains often
- Trim branches hanging over walls
- Keep air moving around the brickwork
- Watch for new cracks in mortar
Pull out any plants growing from mortar joints right away. Use herbicides if needed, but keep them off painted or sealed areas.
Add splash guards if lower walls are getting wet from the ground. Watch spots that get hit by driving rain for early signs of trouble.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the most effective method for cleaning exterior brickwork before painting?
Start with a wire brush to knock off loose dirt and debris. This helps you focus on stubborn spots.
Use a power washer for big areas, but don’t crank it up too high—too much pressure can harm the mortar.
Tackle greasy or mildewed spots with a mild detergent and a stiff brush. Rinse everything well with clean water.
Let the brick dry for at least 24 hours before painting. If it’s damp, the paint won’t stick right.
Can you recommend a type of paint that is best suited for outdoor brick surfaces?
Go for 100% acrylic latex paint made for masonry. It lets brick breathe and stands up to the weather.
Skip oil-based paints on brick exteriors—they trap moisture and cause problems down the road.
Look for masonry paint with UV resistance to help keep colours from fading. That way, your brick stays looking sharp longer.
Find a paint that resists blistering and chalking, too. Those features help it last outdoors.
How often should exterior brickwork be repainted to maintain its appearance?
Most brick exteriors need repainting every 7–10 years, depending on weather and paint quality.
Check the paint every year for chips, cracks, or fading. Some spots may need attention sooner.
If your house faces harsh weather, you might need to repaint more often. South-facing walls or homes in stormy areas take more of a beating.
High-quality masonry paint usually lasts longer than the basic stuff. It’s worth investing in a better paint if you want to stretch out the time between jobs.
What are the steps to properly seal brickwork after painting?
Only use masonry sealer if your climate really calls for it. Most good masonry paints already protect well enough.
If you do seal, pick a breathable product. Non-breathable sealers can trap moisture and damage the brick.
Apply sealer in thin, even coats with a brush or roller. Follow the instructions for drying times.
Let the sealer cure fully before letting water hit it. Usually, that’s 24–48 hours, but check the label.
Is it necessary to use a primer on brick surfaces before applying paint, and if so, which one?
Always prime brick before painting. A good masonry primer seals the brick and helps the paint stick.
Look for an acrylic masonry primer made for exteriors. It bonds well to both brick and topcoat.
Prime every bit of the brick, including the mortar joints. You want full coverage for even results.
Let the primer dry all the way—don’t rush it. If you paint too soon, you’ll run into adhesion issues later.
How can I prevent paint from peeling or flaking off exterior brick walls in the future?
Let the brick dry out fully before you even think about painting. If you trap moisture under the paint, it’s pretty much asking for peeling and flaking down the road.
Scrape off any loose or failing paint first. For stubborn patches, you might need to reach for paint strippers or even sandblasting.
Stick to suitable weather conditions when painting. Don’t paint if it’s too hot, too cold, super humid, or if rain’s on the way.
Give the surface a good clean once a year. If you spot any damage, touch it up quickly—staying on top of little issues usually keeps the big ones away.
